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Let’s be real: dieting sucks. The benefits of getting lean are worth it, of course, but it’s always a challenge. One solution to that problem is to get it over with as fast as possible. The sooner you reach your goal body fat percentage, the sooner you can eat more and focus on either maintaining your physique or building muscle again. On the other hand, you also don’t want to lose muscle, crash your hormones, or watch your strength in the gym plummet, which you’ve heard can happen when you lose weight too fast. So, how fast can you lose weight without losing muscle or messing up your metabolism? That’s what scientists at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland wanted to find out in a study published in 2015. Let’s look at what they did. What Did the Researchers Do?
The researchers had 15 elite male track-and-field athletes record their diet and training for 4 days. Then, they had them follow a high-protein, low-calorie diet for 4 weeks. They split the athletes into 2 groups:
All of these athletes were about 10% body fat, too, which made it more likely they would lose muscle mass. To help prevent this, everyone ate about 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight per day and reduced their calorie intake by eating fewer carbs and fats. All of the participants maintained the same training program that they used before the study. To help everyone stick to the diet, the researchers worked with the athletes to create meal plans based on their preferred food choices. In other words, they followed standard flexible dieting principles. Before and after the study, the researchers measured: 1. Body composition. They measured body composition using a DXA machine, which uses x-rays to measure someone’s lean body mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density. While it’s not perfect, it’s considered the gold standard for measuring changes in body fat and muscle mass. 2. Hormone levels, including testosterone, cortisol, and sex hormone-binding globulin. Calorie restriction often reduces testosterone levels in men, which can cause muscle loss, poor mood, and low energy levels. Increased cortisol levels indicate greater total body stress, and can also contribute to muscle loss if they stay high long enough. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a molecule that binds to testosterone so that it can’t exert its beneficial effects. SHBG levels often rise when calories are low, which can indirectly reduce free testosterone levels. 3. Athletic performance. The researchers measured countermovement jump performance, which is a good indicator of explosive power, and 20-meter sprint performance, which is a measure of speed. The researchers also provided multivitamin supplements, and forbid anyone from using creatine. This is because creatine is known to increase lean body mass and performance, which could confound the results.
Find the Perfect Supplements for You in Just 60 SecondsYou don't need supplements to build muscle, lose fat, and get healthy. But the right ones can help. Take this quiz to learn which ones are best for you. Take the Quiz What Were the Study Results?Both groups maintained their muscle mass and performance, but the 750 calorie deficit group lost 4 times as much fat after 4 weeks of dieting. Now, before we get too excited, it’s worth mentioning that the differences between both groups weren’t statistically significant. That is, there was a high enough chance that the results were due to random variation that the researchers couldn’t say the different diets were responsible for the different results. There’s a problem with taking that conclusion at face value, though. There were only 7 people in the 300 calorie deficit group and 8 people in the 750 calorie deficit group. It’s possible that if there were more people in the study the results would have been statistically significant. With that in mind, it’s clear that there were meaningful differences between the 2 groups. The 750 calorie deficit group lost 5 pounds of body weight and 4 pounds of fat. The 300 deficit group lost a paltry 1 pound of body weight and only ½ a pound of fat. Here’s what the changes in body composition looked like:
The “HWR” group is the one that maintained a 750 calorie deficit, and the “LWR” group is the one that maintained a 300 calorie deficit. It also looks like both groups lost a small amount of lean body mass, though it’s likely that was mostly due to losing water and glycogen than muscle mass. Both groups also maintained their performance throughout the study, and the 750 calorie deficit group even improved their countermovement jump performance (not too surprising since they weighed less). There weren’t any statistically significant differences in hormone levels, either, but there were a few small changes worth noting. Here are the Cliff Notes:
So, this is more or less what you’d expect. The group that maintained the more aggressive calorie deficit had slightly larger drops in testosterone and a slightly larger increase in cortisol, which makes sense since they lost more weight. The rise in SHBG in the 750 calorie deficit group also means that their free testosterone levels were probably lower at the end of the study, which might seem like proof that rapid weight loss messes up your hormones. There are 2 reasons that’s probably not the case, though.
In the big scheme of things, the changes in hormone levels in both groups were too small to have any practical significance.
Find the Best Diet for You in Just 60 SecondsHow many calories should you eat? What about "macros?" What foods should you eat? Take our 60-second quiz to get science-based answers to these questions and more. Take the Quiz What Does This Mean for You?Sometimes, faster weight loss is better than slower weight loss. In this study, reducing calories by 25% caused 4 times more fat loss and than reducing calories by 10%, with no difference in muscle loss. And this was in people who were already 10% body fat to begin with. Not only is this more efficient, it’s also more motivating. Most research shows that people who lose the most weight in the first few weeks of dieting also lose the most weight long term and do the best job of keeping it off. Why? Because nothing keeps you on track better than results. That said, there is a limit to how fast you can lose fat without losing muscle. Other researchers have suggested that the maximum weekly rate of weight loss should be 0.5 to 1% of body weight per week, which is about how fast these athletes lost weight. That’s 2 pounds per week if you weigh 200 pounds. That’s almost 10 pounds per month. That’s motivating. To make this work, though, you need to get a few things right:
Do that, and you can lose weight fast without losing muscle. If you want to learn even more about exactly how to set up a diet, training, and supplementation plan to lose weight fast the right way, then check out this article:
What’s your take on losing fat fast without losing muscle? Have anything else to share? Let me know in the comments below!+ Scientific References
Can you lose belly fat without losing muscle?Here are the 8 best ways to lose fat without losing muscle:
Maintain Or Increase Strength Levels. Don't Reduce Calories By Too Much. Reduce Weight Training Volume And/Or Frequency. Get Pre And Post Workout Nutrition Right.
Does cutting fat cause muscle loss?But dieting alone can strip away muscle along with body fat. Research suggests that as much as 25 per cent of weight lost by dieters is from muscle. And that's not a good thing. Losing muscle while on a calorie-reduced diet can hinder your performance in the gym by reducing strength and stamina.
Can I cut without losing muscle?Maintain Only a Moderate Caloric Deficit
If you want to cut after a bulking phase and still have muscle to show for it, start with a moderate deficit of only 500 calories—it's just the right number to spark fat loss without sacrificing muscle size or strength gains.
How fast can you lose fat without muscle?That said, there is a limit to how fast you can lose fat without losing muscle. Other researchers have suggested that the maximum weekly rate of weight loss should be 0.5 to 1% of body weight per week, which is about how fast these athletes lost weight.
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